{"id":3648,"date":"2023-09-07T00:07:18","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T16:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/?p=3648"},"modified":"2023-09-19T20:10:27","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T12:10:27","slug":"do-bees-have-lungs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/","title":{"rendered":"Do Bees Have Lungs?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>No, bees do not have lungs. Instead, they breathe through a tracheal respiratory system. In this system, tracheal sacs pump air in and out of the bee&#8217;s body. Gas transfer also occurs through a network of tubes called the trachea. This trachea branch throughout their bodies and deliver oxygen directly to the cells.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll learn more about the bee&#8217;s respiratory system as we discuss the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>How bees breathe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parts of the bee respiratory system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advantages and disadvantages of the bee respiratory system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can bees suffocate?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-1024x536.png\" alt=\"do bees have lungs\" class=\"wp-image-3652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/mariananbu-7207273\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4913122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">marian anbu juwan<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4913122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Pixabay<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_63 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#How_Do_Bees_Breathe\" title=\"How Do Bees Breathe?\">How Do Bees Breathe?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Spiracles\" title=\"Spiracles\">Spiracles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Trachea\" title=\"Trachea\">Trachea<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Tracheal_Sacs\" title=\"Tracheal Sacs\">Tracheal Sacs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Tracheoles\" title=\"Tracheoles\">Tracheoles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Advantages_of_the_Bee_Respiratory_System\" title=\"Advantages of the Bee Respiratory System\">Advantages of the Bee Respiratory System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Disadvantages_of_the_Bee_Respiratory_System\" title=\"Disadvantages of the Bee Respiratory System\">Disadvantages of the Bee Respiratory System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Can_Bees_Suffocate\" title=\"Can Bees Suffocate?\">Can Bees Suffocate?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#How_Long_Can_Bees_Survive_Without_Oxygen\" title=\"How Long Can Bees Survive Without Oxygen?\">How Long Can Bees Survive Without Oxygen?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Related_Questions\" title=\"Related Questions\">Related Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Do_Other_Insects_Have_Lungs_Do_Bees_Breathe_Like_Other_Insects\" title=\"Do Other Insects Have Lungs? Do Bees Breathe Like Other Insects?\">Do Other Insects Have Lungs? Do Bees Breathe Like Other Insects?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Can_Bees_Breathe_Underwater\" title=\"Can Bees Breathe Underwater?\">Can Bees Breathe Underwater?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Do_Bees_Control_Their_Breathing\" title=\"Do Bees Control Their Breathing?\">Do Bees Control Their Breathing?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Do_Bees_Have_Blood\" title=\"Do Bees Have Blood?\">Do Bees Have Blood?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/do-bees-have-lungs\/#Summary_Do_Bees_Have_Lungs\" title=\"Summary: Do Bees Have Lungs?\">Summary: Do Bees Have Lungs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Do_Bees_Breathe\"><\/span>How Do Bees Breathe?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bees breathe through the <strong>tracheal respiratory system<\/strong>. Again, this is a system wherein oxygen moves through a network of tubes called the trachea. Through these tubes, oxygen is directly delivered to the cells in the body. It bypasses the need for a circulatory system for gas transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-2-1024x530.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-2-1024x530.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-2-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-2-768x397.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-2-1536x794.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/do-bees-have-lungs-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Figure_39_01_05.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CNX OpenStax<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The bee respiratory system consists of the following important parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spiracles\"><\/span>Spiracles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The process begins with gas intake.<strong> Bees breathe in oxygen through spiracles. <\/strong>These <strong>spiracles are small openings located on the surface of a bee\u2019s body that allow air to enter and exit.<\/strong> They are the entry points for oxygen and the exit points for carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bees have a total of 20 spiracles strategically lined up throughout their bodies. 7 pairs are on the abdomen and 3 on the upper body or thorax. These spiracles are connected to valves that allow them to open and close as needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these spiracles is connected to the trachea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trachea\"><\/span>Trachea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The trachea is a vital component of the bee&#8217;s respiratory system. It&#8217;s a <strong>network of air passages that distribute oxygen directly to their tissues<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The trachea branches out and extends throughout the bee&#8217;s body. This allows oxygen to reach even the smallest cells.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tracheal_Sacs\"><\/span>Tracheal Sacs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Along the trachea are thin-walled tracheal sacs. These tracheal or air sacs serve as <strong>pumps that ventilate the trachea<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bees contract their abdomen to force out carbon dioxide. They then relax to allow fresh air to enter the body. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pathwayz.org\/Tree\/Plain\/TERRESTRIAL+INSECTS+-GAS+EXCHANGE\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.pathwayz.org\/Tree\/Plain\/TERRESTRIAL+INSECTS+-GAS+EXCHANGE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/americanbeejournal.com\/respiration-and-circulation-in-honey-bees\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/americanbeejournal.com\/respiration-and-circulation-in-honey-bees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The tracheal sacs enable the distribution of oxygen to the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. They ensure that fresh, oxygen-rich air reaches the tracheoles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tracheoles\"><\/span>Tracheoles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At the end of the trachea are special cells called tracheoles. These tracheoles are the <strong>gas exchange surface or where gas exchange happens<\/strong>. They have direct contact with cellular tissues. The oxygen in these tracheoles diffuses into the cellular tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the flip side, carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues and begins its trip out of the body from the tracheoles. It then moves through the trachea and out of the spiracles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_the_Bee_Respiratory_System\"><\/span>Advantages of the Bee Respiratory System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The tracheal system allows for <strong>efficient oxygen exchange<\/strong>. The trachea delivers oxygen directly to the cells. This bypasses the need for a complex circulatory system for gas transport. Meaning, that bees don\u2019t need blood to breathe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, bees don\u2019t rely on lungs. They don\u2019t have to expend much energy on breathing in and out. Their breathing is <strong>mostly passive and does not require much muscular effort<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastly, the bee&#8217;s respiratory system is adapted to <strong>minimize water loss<\/strong>. Bees can close their spiracles to prevent the loss of water. This is particularly important for bees that live in dry environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disadvantages_of_the_Bee_Respiratory_System\"><\/span>Disadvantages of the Bee Respiratory System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Of course, the bee respiratory system also has disadvantages. One of which is that it\u2019s <strong>vulnerable to respiratory diseases<\/strong>. Bee spiracles are big enough to allow parasites like tracheal mites to enter.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These mites lay eggs in the trachea. Once these eggs hatch, the developing mites pierce the tracheal wall to feed on hemolymph. When they grow, they mate with their siblings and clog the trachea with offspring and debris. This damages the trachea and causes a loss in elasticity.\u00a0[<a href=\"https:\/\/beeaware.org.au\/archive-pest\/tracheal-mite\/#ad-image-0\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/beeaware.org.au\/archive-pest\/tracheal-mite\/#ad-image-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eventually, the infected bee can no longer breathe properly to fly or perform normal tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_Bees_Suffocate\"><\/span>Can Bees Suffocate?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, bees can suffocate. Pesticides and other chemicals can <strong>block off their spiracles and prevent airflow<\/strong>. When this happens, they\u2019ll fail to obtain oxygen and eventually suffocate to death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bees may also suffocate when trapped in areas with low oxygen levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Long_Can_Bees_Survive_Without_Oxygen\"><\/span>How Long Can Bees Survive Without Oxygen?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bees can survive hours or days without breathing in oxygen. It depends on whether or not they were able to store oxygen beforehand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bees, like other insects, can <strong>close their spiracles and live off stored oxygen<\/strong>. They do so by curbing their activity to lower their metabolic rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Questions\"><\/span>Related Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/do-bees-have-knees-3-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3636\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/do-bees-have-knees-3-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/do-bees-have-knees-3-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/do-bees-have-knees-3-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/do-bees-have-knees-3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/doundounba\/42344369972\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u201cSolitary Bee on Tiny Blue Flower (#1)\u201d<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">(CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/a>) by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/doundounba\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Doundounba<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_Other_Insects_Have_Lungs_Do_Bees_Breathe_Like_Other_Insects\"><\/span>Do Other Insects Have Lungs? Do Bees Breathe Like Other Insects?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Other insects don\u2019t have lungs. They have tracheal respiratory systems just like bees. However, that\u2019s not to say that all insects breathe exactly like bees. <strong>Some insects don\u2019t rely on tracheal sacs.<\/strong> Flies, for example, simply breathe through the passive diffusion of gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Related: <a href=\"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/how-do-ants-breathe\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2295\">How do ants breathe?<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_Bees_Breathe_Underwater\"><\/span>Can Bees Breathe Underwater?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>No, bees can\u2019t breathe underwater. <strong>Water blocks their spiracles and prevents airflow.<\/strong> When submerged, bees close their spiracles and try to live off stored oxygen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_Bees_Control_Their_Breathing\"><\/span>Do Bees Control Their Breathing?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, bees do control their breathing.<strong> Bees can pump air through the tracheal sacs and increase oxygen intake<\/strong>. They do so to keep up with the demands of heightened activity like flight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_Bees_Have_Blood\"><\/span>Do Bees Have Blood?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes,<strong> bees have blood called hemolymph<\/strong>. Hemolymph is a fluid that functions similarly to blood in other animals. It transports, nutrients, and hormones throughout the bee&#8217;s body. It also plays a role in the immune system.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike our blood, however, hemolymph does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules like hemoglobin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary_Do_Bees_Have_Lungs\"><\/span>Summary: Do Bees Have Lungs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To summarize, no bees don\u2019t have lungs. Bees have a tracheal respiratory system like other insects. This system does not feature lungs but instead makes use of a network of tubes called trachea. Along these trachea are important parts including the spiracles, tracheal sacs, and tracheoles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No, bees do not have lungs. Instead, they breathe through a tracheal respiratory system. In this system, tracheal sacs pump air in and out of the bee&#8217;s body. Gas transfer also occurs through a network of tubes called the trachea. This trachea branch throughout their bodies and deliver oxygen directly to the cells. In this&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3648"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3648"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3672,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3648\/revisions\/3672"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scifaqs.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}